11/14/2009
FS Agreement No. 08-MU-11030510-010
MODIFICATION NO. 04
to
AGREEMENT NO. 08-MU-11030510-010
between
USDA fOREST SERVICE,
CORONADO NATIONAL FOREST
and
ROSEMONT COPPER COMPANY
This modification is issued pursuant to Clause No. F. 15 and Attactment 2.
Attachment 2 of the MOU is replaced with the attached revised timeline.
Except as provided herein, all terms and conditions of the referenced document remain unchanged and in full force.
| Rosemont Copper Company | USDA Forest Service | ||
| 11/14/09 | 11/19/09 | ||
| GIL CLAUSEN | Date | JEANINE A. DERBY | Date |
| President and CEO | Forest Supervisor | ||
| The authority and format of this instrument has been reviewed and approved for signature: | |||
| 11/19/09 | |||
| NORENE NORRIS | DATE | ||
| Grants & Agreements Specialist | |||
ATTACHMENT 2
EIS Timeline
Rosemont Copper Project
Notes:
| Task | 2010 Accomplishment |
| Internal review of DEIS. | 1st quarter (January - March) |
| Publish Notice of Abailabliity and 90-day comment period in Federal Register. | April 2010 |
| Hold public meetings, hearings, and accept public comments | 2nd quarter (April - June) |
| Comment analysis, FEIS supplemented or revised to incorporate comments. Internal review completed. | 3rd quarter (July-September) |
| ROD issued. | 4th quarter (October - December) |
FS Agreement No. 08-MU-11030510-010
1/29/2008
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
Between
USDA FOREST SERVICE
CORONADO NATIONAL FOREST
And
ROSEMONT COPPER COMPANY
This Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is hereby entered into by and between the USDA Forest Service, Coronado National Forest, hereinafter referred to as the Forest Service, and the Rosemont Copper Company, Inc., hereinafter referred to as the Proponent.
A. PURPOSE:
The purpose of this MOU is to articulate the working arrangement whereby a third-party environmental contractor (Prime Consultant) will be chosen by the Forest Service, in consultation with the Proponent, to conduct an environmental impacts analysis of the Rosemont Copper Project (Project) to serve as documentation of Forest Service compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 (Public Law 91-190).
Project Background
In July, 2007, a Mine Plan of Operations (MPO) for the Project was submitted by the Proponent to the Coronado National Forest (CNF), Minerals and Geology Program, requesting approval of a plan to mine copper, silver, and molybdenum in the Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County, Arizona.
The Project would be carried out on a mosaic of privately owned land, State of Arizona trust land, National Forest System (NFS) land, U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI) land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and possibly land managed by others. The proposed project area covers about six and a half square miles of land approximately 30 miles southeast of Tucson, Arizona. Mining would be conducted primarily on private land; however; processing, waste management, and other support facilities are proposed to be sited mostly on NFS land on the Nogales Ranger District. Other project-related facilities, such as utilities, are proposed to be located on state and public land managed by the BLM.
Most NFS lands are subject to the location of certain minerals under the Mining Law of 1872, as amended (30 U.S.C. 21-54, et seq.), in accordance with the directives in Forest Service Manual 2800. In prospecting, locating, and developing the mineral resources, all persons must comply with all rules and regulations that govern mining on National Forests.
Legislative Authorities
If the MPO is approved, the Proponent would carry out mining and related activities on both private and NFS land. The following statutory authorities provide direction for the management of surface resources in conjunction with mineral exploration and development on NFS lands.
The Forest Service has the authority to approve the Proponent's proposal, either as currently defined in the MPO, or as otherwise defined during the NEPA review to mitigate or avoid significant adverse environmental impacts. Before a decision to approve the proposal is made, the Forest Service must comply with the NEPA; the National Forest Management Act of 1976; other environmental statutes, regulations, and Executive Orders; and Forest Service Manual and Handbook direction regarding NEPA and minerals management on NFS land (collectively, these are referred to hereafter in this MOU as the applicable policy and legal requirements).
B. STATEMENT OF MUTUAL INTERESTS AND BENEFITS:
It is essential to the interests of both parties that the Forest Service document the environmental review of the Proponent's proposal in an environmental impact statement (EIS) and that the EIS be prepared by the Prime Consultant in a manner consistent with applicable policy and legal requirements.
It is mutually beneficial to the parties that this NEPA review be of high priority, be initiated and completed on schedule, make the best use of existing information, focus on substantive environmental issues, and provide every opportunity for public involvement, consistent with applicable policy and legal requirements.
The parties agree that the Forest Service is solely responsible for decisions regarding EIS content and format.
C. IN CONSIDERATION OF THE ABOVE, THE PARTIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS:
D. THE FOREST SERVICE SHALL:
E. THE PROPONENT SHALL:
THE PARTIES HERETO have executed this MOU.
| ROSEMONT COPPER COMPANY | USDA FOREST SERVICE | ||
| CORONADO NATIONAL FOREST | |||
| _________________________________ GIL CLAUSEN | ____________ DATE | _________________________________ JEANINE A. DERBY | ____________ DATE |
| Forest Supervisor | |||
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| The authority and format of this instrument has been reviewed and approved for signature. | |||
| _________________________________ NORENE NORRIS | ____________ DATE | ||
| Forest Service Grants & Agreements Specialist | |||
ATTACHMENT 1
THIRD-PARTY CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS
ROSEMONT COPPER PROJECT
I. RESPONSIBILITIES
The Consultant will be responsible for:
Each of the above responsibilities will be carried out with the oversight and input of Forest Service technical resources specialists assigned to the Project interdisciplinary team. Following is a list of specific duties and responsibilities associated with these tasks.
A. Environmental Compliance Planning
The Consultant will:
B. Environmental Field Studies
Based on information and data needs identified during project scoping, the Consultant will conduct field studies where data and information gaps exist. Studies may include, but are not limited to, field surveys of cultural and heritage resources and biological resources, including threatened and endangered species.
C. Consultation with Other Agencies
The Consultant will provide the necessary technical expertise to conduct the following activities:
C. NEPA Review
The Consultant will support the Forest in completing the NEPA review process. Tasks will include, but are not limited to, the following:
The Forest Service will be responsible for transmitting the DEIS and Notice of Availability to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and will prepare the Record of Decision and Legal Notice of Decision.
II. DELIVERABLES
Deliverables will include, but are not limited to, those listed below. The Consultant will provide reports and other deliverables to the Forest in both written and electronic formats. Electronic versions will be delivered as attachments in the latest MS Word software either by electronic mail and/or on compact disks. Maps will be prepared in consultation with Forest GIS staff in a format consistent with Forest Service format.
| Deliverables |
| NEPA Administrative Record |
| Checklist of Environmental Requirements |
| Project Description |
| Field Surveys |
| Field Survey Reports |
| Annotated Outline of EIS |
| Evaluation and Summary of Scoping Comments |
| *Biological Assessment and Evaluation |
| *Draft Letter to Fish and Wildlife Service for Endangered Species Act |
| Consultation |
| *Heritage Assessment |
| * Draft Letter to State Historic Preservation Office for National Historic Preservation |
| Act Consultation |
| Preliminary (Internal Review) EIS |
| Draft EIS for Public Release |
| DEIS Comment Summary and Evaluation |
| Comment-Response Summary for FEIS |
| Final EIS |
III. CONSULTANT STAFF QUALIFICATIONS
All consultant staff must possess, at a minimum, a Bachelor's degree (or equivalent combination of experience and education) in the field of expertise for which support is provided and at least five (5) years experience in performing NEPA analysis. Proof of such experience will be required prior to contract award.
For this contract, the following technical positions will be necessary:
Interdisciplinary NEPA Team Leader: minimum of 10 years experience in this capacity
Geologist: equivalent to a GS-12 Geologist, with at least 10 years experience (emphasis on hardrock mineral exploration and extraction)
Geochemist: equivalent to a GS-12 Geologist, with at least 10 years experience in hardrock mining, mineral processing, and reclamation
Mining Engineer: equivalent to a GS-12 Engineer, with at least 10 years experience in hardrock mining and reclamation
Hydrogeologist: the equivalent of a GS-12 Hydrogeologist with at least 10 years in hardrock mine development and remediation geohydrology
Hydrologist: the equivalent of a GS-12 Hydrologist with at least 10 years experience in hardrock mine development and remediation hydrology
Biologist: (Terrestrial, Aquatic) the equivalent of a GS-12 Biologist with at least five years experience in wildlife biology
Soils Scientist: the equivalent of a GS-12 Soils Scientist with at least five years of experience
Air Quality Specialist: the equivalent of a GS-12 Air Quality Specialist with at least five years of experience in Air Quality and NEPA impacts analysis
Cultural Resource Specialist: (Historian, Native American, Archaeologist, Anthropologist); must meet the Secretary of the Interior's qualification standards for archaeology as published in the Code of Federal Regulations, 36 CFR Part 61
Visual Resources Specialist: the equivalent of a GS-11 Landscape Architect with at least five years of experience in visual resources and NEPA impacts analysis; expertise in the application of the Forest Service's Visual Resource Management System and the Forest Service's Scenery Management System
Recreation Specialist: the equivalent of a GS-11 Recreation Specialist with five years experience in Recreation/Trails and NEPA impacts analysis
Socioeconomist: at least five years experience with collaboration, community outreach and environmental justice issues
SUBCONTRACTORS: The Forest Service's Contracting Officer must review and approve potential subcontractors to the Consultant who will contribute to fulfillment of the tasks described herein, and any future additions to the approved list of subcontractors once established.
IV. DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
All data and information collected under this contract will become the property of the U.S. Government.
Consultant performance and products will be subject to review by the Forests technical staff and management to ensure adequacy, accuracy and completeness. The Forest may request that advance copies of specific sections of the NEPA document be provided for review by Forest resource specialists prior to submittal of the final deliverable. At its discretion, the Forest may seek additional review of Consultant products by other non-Forest resource experts.
ATTACHMENT 2
EIS TIMELINE
ROSEMONT COPPER PROJECT
| Task | Target Date |
| Interdisciplinary team established on Forest | |
| January 2008 | |
| MOU for third-party NEPA analysis signed | January 2008 |
| Proponent signs third-party contract | January 2008 |
| Statement of Proposed Action with Purpose and Need drafted | February 2008 |
| Public Participation Plan finalized | February 2008 |
| Notice of Intent (NOI) to Prepare EIS published | February 2008 |
| NOI distributed to public mailing list | February 2008 |
| Public scoping meetings (open-house venue) held | March 2008 |
| Scoping comment evaluation completed | April 2008 |
| Forest service (FS) and consultant meet to develop alternatives, review issues, define geographic bounds of cumulative impacts analysis area, and identify past, present, and reasonably fore seeable actions therein | May 2008 |
| Sections 1 and 2 of Preliminary Draft (PD) EIS completed | July 2008 |
| Section 3 and 4 of PDEIS completed | November 2008 |
| PDEIS to FS, Proponent, and cooperating agencies (CAs) for review | December 2008 |
| Comments on PDEIS to Consultant | January 2009 |
| Final FS and CA review of revised PDEIS before printing DEIS | February 2009 |
| EPS published Notice of Availability (NOA) of DEIS and announces 45-day public comment period | March 2009 |
| Public comment meetings | March-April 2009 |
| Comment analysis: FS, Consultant, Proponent | April 2009 |
| Responses to comments prepared, DEIS to FEIS revised | May-July 2009 |
| Preliminary FEIS and responses to comments to FS, Proponent, CAs for review | August 2009 |
| Final revisions to FEIS, responses to comments completed | September 2009 |
| Print copy of FEIS after review | October 2009 |
| EPA published NOA of FEIS | October 2009 |
| ROD issued a minimum of 30 days after NOA of FEIS | November 2009 |
| Appeal period begins, 45 days | December 2009 |
| Coronado National Forest | Nogales Ranger District |
| Decision Memorandum | Rosemont Well Drilling |
DECISION MEMORANDUM
Proposed Hydrologic and Geotechnical Exploration in the
Rosemont Valley
USDA Forest Service
Coronado National Forest
Nogales Ranger District
Santa Cruz County, Arizona
Sections 20, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33,Township 18 South, Range 16 East,
and Sections 5 and 6, Township 19 South, Range 16 East,
Gila and Salt River Base and Meridian
BACKGROUND
On February 13, 2008, the Coronado National Forest (CNF), Minerals and Geology Program, received a Plan of Operations (PoO) from Rosemont Copper Company (Company) that describes a proposal to conduct hydrologic and geotechnical exploration in the Rosemont Valley. The PoO, dated February 8, 2008, proposes drilling fifteen geotechnical boreholes to verify earlier seismic geotechnical analyses, and where conditions are favorable, to collect groundwater data. The PoO also proposes the drilling of 11 wells specifically for groundwater characterization.
The proposed activity would take place on unpatented mining claims in the Santa Rita Mountains, Pima County, Arizona. The project area is approximately thirty miles southeast of Tucson, Arizona, on the Nogales Ranger District (see Figure 1). The specific locations of the proposed drill holes are shown in Figure 2.
Drilling activity and temporary road construction would take place over a period of seven months. Monitoring of groundwater at hydrogeologic wells would be a non-intrusive activity that would last up to one year. The total area of land that would be disturbed on the Forest would be less than 1.25 acres.
PROPOSED ACTION
The Forest Service’s proposed action is to approve the activity proposed in the PoO. Before approval is granted, the potential impacts of the Company’s proposed actions, which are described below, are being considered.
Geotechnical Borehole Drilling and Sampling
The Company proposes to drill fourteen 100- to 200-foot deep boreholes and one 2500-foot deep borehole (Borehole C-1) to collect soil and rock samples for geotechnical analysis. Of the 15 geotechnical boreholes, 13 would be located on, or immediately Coronado National Forest Nogales Ranger District Decision Memorandum Rosemont Well Drilling adjacent to, existing roads. At each location where drilling fluid is required, an 8-foot x 5-foot x 5-foot deep excavated sump or a 500-gallon self-contained tank would be used for water storage and circulation. The general layout of each borehole site is shown in Figure 3.
Boreholes C-1 and C-2 would be constructed away from existing roads and would each require short access road construction and drill pads. Borehole C-1 would require the construction of 300 feet of a 12-foot-wide temporary access road and temporary disturbance of an 8500-square-foot area to accommodate the drill pad; fill slopes; sump (mud-pit) or a 500-gallon self-contained tank; a trailer, driveways where necessary; parking for the drill rig; support and water trucks; and a portable toilet (see Figure 3). Borehole C-2 would require the construction of 500 feet of a 12-foot-wide access road and a 600-square-foot drill pad area.
Boreholes C-4 and C-6 would also require temporary drill pad construction to accommodate a sump for permeability testing. The maximum area of the drill pad
disturbance at each site would be 600 square feet. Drill pads at Boreholes C-1, C-2, C-4 and C-6 would be leveled and prepared using a John Deere D9R bulldozer, and sumps would be constructed using a John Deere 410SE backhoe or a John Deere 200C track hoe.
Two CME 75HT drill rigs mounted on a 1998 Kodiak 4 x 4 (one rig mounted on a truck and one track-mounted) would be in operation concurrently for borehole drilling. Five people, including a driller, three helpers and a geologist, would be onsite during drilling. Using rotary drilling, 14 boreholes would be completed to a maximum depth of 200 feet. Borehole C-1 would have a maximum proposed depth of 2500 ft. Unconsolidated material near the top of each borehole would be collected and logged by a geologist, then sent to an off-site laboratory to measure grain size and moisture content and other parameters.
Drilling methods would change to accommodate bedrock as it is encountered. At this point, bentonite clay or similar drilling polymers may be added to the drilling fluid to facilitate retrieval of rock cuttings from the borehole. After core (cuttings) is logged by the geologist, select samples would be boxed and sent for laboratory analysis to further determine rock competency.
Borehole drilling would be conducted in ten-hour shifts during daylight hours, seven days a week. Drilling of the boreholes would be completed in approximately six weeks.
Hydrogeologic Well Drilling (Groundwater Characterization)
Geologic and hydrologic data to be obtained from hydrogeologic characterization wells include depth to groundwater level, type of bedrock, and characteristics of aquifers and groundwater.
The PoO proposes the drilling of 11 hydrogeologic wells in five “nested”1 locations. Wells would be drilled to a depth of 50 feet to 1000 feet on five 8250-square-foot drill pads (see Figure 1 for pad and well locations). Each drill pad would consist of the drill pad itself; fill slopes; two sumps or 500-gallon self-contained tank; a drilling storage area; driveways where necessary; parking for the drill rig; support and water trucks; a storage shed; a 500- to 1000-gallon drill cuttings bin; and a portable toilet (see Figure 4 for generalized drill pad layout).
All wells will be permitted, drilled, and constructed in accordance with Arizona Department of Water Resources standards. Hydrogeologic well drilling would be
conducted in ten-hour shifts, seven days a week, 24-hours a day. Drilling of all wells would be completed in a maximum of seven months. Four people, including the driller, two helpers, and a hydrogeologist, would be present at each well site during the drilling.
Two 2005 Speedstar Model 50 K drill rigs would be used concurrently. Well construction would involve percussion and/ or rotary drilling methods with air, water, bentonite clay or similar drilling polymer for circulation. Generally, the wells would be drilled using a bit with a maximum diameter of nine inches and would be completed using a four-inch PVC well-casing and screen. Wells HC-2B and HC-4B would be completed with a fourinch diameter steel casing. All wells would be completed with a surface seal consisting of 20 feet of steel pipe cemented in place. Each well would have either a 3-foot x 3-foot concrete pad poured around the wellhead or a subsurface steel security vault around the casing approximately two feet below the ground surface.
Following well completion, pumping or other testing would be conducted at each site, to characterize the ground water and subsurface geology of the wells. Water pumped from the wells would be discharged according to Arizona Department of Environmental Quality standards. Wells would be monitored monthly by Rosemont Copper Company personnel and company consultants, for a period of less than one year.
Other Project Activities
The PoO calls for grading and other maintenance work on 1600 feet of existing access roads to accommodate equipment for the operation (see Figure 2 for the location of road segments to be maintained). Road maintenance would be done with a John Deere 230 track hoe with a hammer hoe attachment, a John Deere 230, a John Deere 772 road grader, a John Deere 862B scraper, and a John Deere 850J bulldozer.
No hazardous waste would be generated by the proposed activities. Water for the operation, including that necessary for drilling circulation and for dust abatement, would be obtained from the Rosemont Tank located on private land owned by the Company (near Rosemont Ranch, as noted on Figure 2 as Water Tank). Water would be transported to the project area twice daily in a 2000-gallon water truck. If a drill site is inaccessible by water truck, an aboveground, three-inch rubber house would be laid from the water source to the drill site.
Upon completion of drilling, well sites would be fenced as needed with 6-foot-high chain-link fence panels for site security during monitoring. All fencing would be
removed at well monitoring completion.
All completed drill holes (including the geotechnical boreholes and the groundwater characterization wells) would be plugged and abandoned in accordance with Forest Service requirements and Arizona Department of Water Resources regulations. Nonhazardous waste, including drill cuttings, drilling mud and water, may be returned to the drill holes prior to plugging. Any excess would be left in the sump, dried and buried prior to site reclamation. The drill sites and the temporary access road segments would be reclaimed by scarification and seeding, and temporary access roads would be closed to vehicular traffic.
Before the operation is authorized to begin, the Company must post a reclamation bond with the Forest Service in the amount of $19,000. This amount was determined by the Forest Service to be sufficient to ensure that, upon completion of the drilling, all drill holes would be capped and secured, disturbed areas stabilized and revegetated, and all equipment removed from Forest lands. Prior to final approval by the Forest Service of the proposed drilling, the company must obtain any necessary environmental and operating permits and present them to the Forest Geologist for review and approval.
DECISION AND RATIONALE
It is my decision to approve implementation of the proposed road construction and drilling in accordance with the PoO dated February 8, 2008, and received February 13, 2008, conditional upon the application of specific mitigation measures recommended by Forest resource specialists (see Project Record) to avoid or minimize impacts natural resources.
I have determined that this proposal may be excluded from National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) review and that further documentation in an environmental
assessment or an environmental impact statement is not necessary because the action meets the criteria in Forest Service Handbook (FSH) 1909.15, Chapter 31.2, Category 8, “Short-term mineral, energy, or geophysical investigations and their incidental activities that may require cross-country travel by vehicles and equipment, construction of less than one mile of low standard road, or use and repair of existing roads.”
Extraordinary circumstances that I considered in making my decision include the potential for extraordinary circumstances to result in individual and cumulative adverse effects to resources identified in FSH 1909.15, Chapter 30.3, #2. Forest resource specialists have advised me (see Project Record, Items 2, 3, 4 and 10) that the implementation of the proposed action would have no adverse effects on steep slopes and erosive soils; threatened and endangered species and their critical habitat; Forest Service sensitive species; floodplains, wetlands, and municipal watersheds; congressionally designated areas; inventoried roadless areas; research natural areas; and Native American religious or cultural sites, archaeological sites and historical properties or areas. Therefore, I conclude that there are no extraordinary circumstances associated with the proposed action that would invalidate the use of this categorical exclusion.
PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
The public will be advised of this proposed action on the CNF website2 in the next quarterly update on April 1, 2008. I determined that no further public involvement was necessary relative to this proposal because of the limited nature of activities and the immediate need for information and data that the project has been designed to procure.
FINDINGS REQUIRED BY OTHER LAWS
National Forest Management Act. This proposed action is consistent with direction provided in the Coronado National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan (1986, as amended). The proposed action conforms to Forest Plan standards and incorporates appropriate Forest Plan guidelines for the management of minerals activity and protection of other resources (pages 5 and 65)
Endangered Species Act. The Nogales District Wildlife Biologist determined that the proposed action would have no effect on Federally listed or proposed species and designated critical habitat (Project Record, Item 2).
National Historic Preservation Act. A heritage resource survey was completed by the Forest Archaeologist, who concluded that drilling and sampling would have “no adverse effect” on heritage resources at any of the proposed well locations (Project Record, Item 4.).
ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW AND ELIGIBILITY TO APPEAL
In accordance with Forest Service regulations at 36 CFR 215.4 (a), this decision is not subject to legal notice and opportunity to comment. It is also not subject to appeal, in accordance with 36 CFR 215.12 (f).
IMPLEMENTATION DATE
The proposed action may be implemented immediately upon the date of my signature below, contingent upon the Company’s written concurrence with the amendments to the PoO (see Project Records) and its posting of a reclamation bond.
CONTACT
Information about this project is available from me at the Nogales Ranger District Office and/or from Forest Geologist, Ms. Beverley Everson, Coronado National Forest, 300 West Congress Street, Tucson, Arizona, 85701; telephone, (520) 388-8428, and email,beverson@fs.fed.us.
| //s Keith L. Graves_________________________________ | March 3, 2008 |
| KEITH L. GRAVES DATE DISTRICT RANGER NOGALES RANGER DISTRICT | DATE |
1 The well sites would be “nested”; that is, more than one well would be installed on one drill pad.
2 www.fs.fed.us/r3/coronado
Rights of Mining Claimants
Coronado National Forest
June 2009
The General Mining Act of 1872 confers a statutory right to enter upon public lands open to location in pursuit of locatable minerals, and under valid existing mining claims to conduct mining activities, in compliance with federal and state statutes and regulations. The Multiple- Use Mining Act of 1955 confirms the ability to conduct mining activities on public lands, locate necessary facilities, and conduct reasonable and incidental uses to mining on public lands, including National Forest System lands. Forest Service mining regulations at 36 C.F.R. Part 228 subpart A, correspondingly recognizes the rights of mining claimants.
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) requires Federal agencies to prepare an environmental impact statement prior to undertaking a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. NEPA also requires Federal agencies to study, develop, and describe appropriate alternatives to any proposal which involves unresolved conflicts concerning alternate uses of available resources.
A proposed mine plan of operations is a starting point in the environmental impact statement process and is one of the alternatives considered. Forest Service mining regulations and policies establish a process to approve a plan of operations for mining activities on National Forest System lands and to ensure such plans minimize adverse environmental impact. Feasible alternatives which allow the claimant to reasonably exercise their statutory rights and vested property rights in minerals, while seeking to minimize adverse environmental impacts on National Forest surface resources, are also included in the statement.
The regulations implementing NEPA also require that a no-action alternative be included in an environmental impact statement. Forest Service Handbook 1909.15 Chapter 14.2 clarifies that the no-action alternative provides a baseline for estimating the effects of other alternatives. The no-action alternative presents that no action or activity would take place from the planning effort, thus the mine plan of operations would not be approved.
Although the Forest Service may reasonably regulate mining activities to protect surface resources, there are statutory and constitutional limits to its discretion when reviewing and approving a mining plan of operations. The Forest Service cannot categorically prohibit mining activity or deny reasonable mineral operations under the mining laws. Selection of a no-action alternative is outside the discretion of the Responsible Official.
In practice, the Forest Service works with the mining applicant to develop an acceptable legallycompliant plan of operations as an alternative to be considered during the NEPA process, thereby precluding selection of the no-action alternative.